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Norway in 1814
1814 was a pivotal year in the history of Norway. It started with Norway in a union with Denmark subject to a naval blockade being ceded to the king of Sweden. In May a constitutional convention declared Norway independent. By the end of the year the Norwegian parliament had agreed to join with Sweden in a personal union under the monarch of Sweden. Although nationalist aspirations were not to be fully realized until the events of 1905, 1814 was the crisis and turning point in events that would lead to a fully independent Norway.
The year contains the story of one king and two ambitious future kings in Scandinavia who may have hoped to unite Sweden, Denmark, and Norway under their throne.〔Glenthøj, Rasmus (2012):''Skilsmissen. Dansk og norsk identitet før og efter 1814''. Syddansk Universitetsforlag, p. 80-81〕〔Linvald, Axel (1962): ''Christian Frederik og Norge 1814''. Oslo, Universitetsforlaget, pp. 10-1〕 The Norwegian people and their leaders were caught in the middle of this rivalry, attempting through the crisis to create a measure of self-determination.〔Koht, Halvdan (1910):''Unionssprengninga i 1814 i verdshistorisk samanheng''. Kristiania, Det norsk Samlaget, pp. 3-15〕
==Prior to 1814==
Denmark–Norway had become entangled on the French side in the Napoleonic War through its participation in the Gunboat War. Having lost its fleet, it was virtually defenceless as the tides turned against France. The Royal Navy had blocked all Norwegian ports effectively from 1808, thus breaking many bonds to Denmark, and leaving Norway to itself. Under those conditions, tension grew in Norway, and a fledgling independence movement was formed in 1809. The Swedish campaign against Norway in 1808-09 had been repulsed by the Norwegians army, something that made Norwegians more prone to independence.
The years of 1812 and 1813 were known for severe famine due to the blockade, and the hardships were long remembered in Norway.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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